胶合板厂生产规划模型与运用

本文根据胶合板厂实际情况，建立了杨木胶合板厂生产规划模型。该模型考虑各主要设备工段、产品组合、产品混合、产品价格、流动资金、原材料供应以及市场约束等问题。本模型能够满足市场竞争，获取最佳利润，同时还能解决胶合板厂“三板”（表、背、芯单板）不平衡问题。     

水稻白叶枯病杂草带菌和传病的研究

水稻白叶枯病自发现到现在已有90年的历史。由于发生地区广泛,为害严重,各国对此病曾做了大量研究。日本对它已研究了半个多世纪,我国也有二十多年的研究经历。但对其侵染来源和传播途径,仍有不同看法。我国最初认为种子传病是首要的。但在病区单抓种子处理还不能收到预期效果,又认为病稻草是病区次年的主要菌源。近年来,又发现在严格处理病革、病种子的情况下,仍然发病,故怀疑除上述两种传播途径外,还有其它传播途径。关于杂草传病问题,日本已进行了多年的研究,但和我国国内一样,对杂草带菌传病问题,意见很不一致。我们认为对这一传播途径有彻底弄清的必要,它不仅关系到一个病的侵染循环问题,而且直接关系到对白叶枯病的彻底防治。如果这一传播途径确实存在,我们若不承认它,在防治上就会出现大的漏洞。如果白叶枯病确与杂草无关,盲目地采用相应的措施,也是多余而毫无意义的。这次试验是采用较直接的“离心浓缩针刺接种法”,其结果:第一年证实有马唐等六种杂草、黄豆和水稻根部能够带菌;第二年证实有车前等三种杂草和水稻根不仅带菌,而且可越冬并存活到次年五月;第三年又证实在不同地区有马唐,狗牙根等四种杂草能够带菌越冬,并存活到次年五月中旬。另外,用病区杂草和水稻健苗混栽,结果稻苗上发病,而对照的不发病。通过三年来的试验研究,证实有数种杂草的根茎部不仅带菌,而且能传病。     

‘Plantibodies’: a flexible approach to design resistance against pathogens

Engineering resistance against various diseases and pests is hampered by the lack of suitable genes. To overcome this problem we started a research program aimed at obtaining resistance by transfecting plants with genes encoding monoclonal antibodies against pathogen specific proteins. The idea is that monoclonal antibodies will inhibit the biological activity of molecules that are essential for the pathogenesis. Potato cyst nematodes are chosen as a model and it is thought that monoclonal antibodies are able to block the function of the saliva proteins of this parasite. These proteins are, among others, responsible for the induction of multinucleate transfer cells upon which the nematode feeds. It is well documented that the ability of antibodies to bind molecules is sufficient to inactivate the function of an antigen and in view of the potential of animals to synthesize antibodies to almost any molecular structure, this strategy should be feasible for a wide range of diseases and pests.Antibodies have several desirable features with regard to protein engineering. The antibody (IgG) is a Y-shaped molecule, in which the domains forming the tips of the arms bind to antigen and those forming the stem are responsible for triggering effector functions (Fc fragments) that eliminate the antigen from the animal. Domains carrying the antigen-binding loops (Fv and Fab fragments) can be used separately from the Fc fragments without loss of affinity. The antigen-binding domains can also be endowed with new properties by fusing them to toxins or enzymes. Antibody engineering is also facilitated by the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). A systematic comparison of the nucleotide sequence of more than 100 antibodies revealed that not only the 3′-ends, but also the 5′-ends of the antibody genes are relatively conserved. We were able to design a small set of primers with restriction sites for forced cloning, which allowed the amplification of genes encoding antibodies specific for the saliva proteins ofGlobodera rostochiensis. Complete heavy and light chain genes as well as single chain Fv fragments (scFv), in which the variable parts of the light (V_L) and heavy chain (V_H) are linked by a peptide, will be transferred to potato plants. A major challenge will be to establish a correct expression of the antibody genes with regard to three dimensional folding, assembly and intracellular location.     

DNA Immunization Against Very Virulent Infectious Bursal Disease Virus with VP2‐4‐3 Gene and Chicken IL‐6 Gene

The present study was to investigate the feasibility and efficiency of the DNA vaccine to protect chickens against very virulent infectious bursal disease virus (vvIBDV) infection. A plasmid DNA carrying VP2‐4‐3 genes of vvIBDV SH95 and a plasmid DNA carrying chicken interleukin‐6 (ChIL‐6) genes were constructed and designated as pALTER‐MAX‐VP2‐4‐3 and pALTER‐MAX‐ChIL‐6 respectively. Several DNA vaccination experiments were performed: 1‐week‐old chickens were intramuscularly injected with only plasmid pcDNA3‐VP2, pALTER‐MAX‐VP2‐4‐3 or mixture with pALTER‐MAX‐ChIL‐6. The chickens at 4 weeks old were orally inoculated with vvIBDV SH95. The results showed that immunization with the mixture of pALTER‐MAX‐VP2‐4‐3 and pALTER‐MAX‐ChIL‐6 three times conferred protection for 90% of chickens. Enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) antibody titres in chickens immunized together with pALTER‐MAX‐ChIL‐6 were higher than those immunized simply with plasmid pcDNA3‐VP2 or pALTER‐MAX‐VP2‐4‐3. IBDV was not detected in the bursa of the protected chickens at 8 days after challenge by RT‐PCR. The results indicate that protection against vvIBDV can be achieved by using the VP2‐4‐3 gene of vvIBDV as a DNA vaccine. Furthermore, the simultaneous injection of ChIL‐6 plasmid significantly increased the protection after challenge with the very virulent strain.     

西葫芦新品种济葫2号的选育

济葫2号是以QL0133和QLO119配制而成的西葫芦一代杂交种,植株生长旺盛、株型紧凑、矮蔓、早熟、丰产,抗病毒病、白粉病、蔓枯病.瓜浅绿色,嫩瓜长20.0 cm,粗6.0 cm,粗细均匀、品质佳.每667 m2产量达6 500kg,适于早春茬、秋冬茬及越冬茬栽培.     

从甜瓜子叶中提取总DNA

用分子标记方法检测甜瓜杂交种子纯度,如果从真叶中提取DNA,检测周期至少需要15d。为了缩短检测周期,我们分别以甜瓜的成熟干种子、吸胀水后“露白”种子、3d龄刚转绿子叶、6d龄子叶、9d龄子叶和12d龄子叶为材料,进行了提取总DNA的研究。结果表明:除了干种子和吸胀水后“露白”种子外,其他的材料都可以提取到DNA,但是DNA的质量因子叶日龄不同而存在很大的差异。不同日龄的子叶中,以3d龄子叶提取的DNA质量好。子叶6d龄时,提取的DNA质量次于3d龄,少量DNA开始出现降解,以后随着子叶日龄的增加,DNA降解加重。另外,与以真叶为材料提取的DNA样品相比较,子叶DNA样品中的蛋白质等杂质含量高,应增加氯仿抽提纯化次数。     

青脚鸡杂交组合肉用性能的研究

以江苏省家禽科学研究所家禽育种中心崇仁麻鸡♂×(崇仁麻鸡♂×隐性白羽鸡新品系♀)♀(配套1)和固始鸡♂×(崇仁麻鸡♂×隐性白羽鸡新品系♀)♀(配套2)为素材,进行肉用性能试验,结果表明①两配套组合体重差异极显著(P＜0.01),配套2比配套1重109.6克且饲料报酬高0.171;②两配套组合龙骨长、冠长、冠高、胸宽差异不显著(P＞0.05),体斜长、胫长、胫围、胸角差异极显著(P＜0.01),配套2均高于配套1.③两配套组合屠体率、半净膛率、全净膛率、胸肌率、腹脂率差异不显著(P＞0.05),配套1腿肌率显著高于配套2(P＜0.05).④两配套组合胸肌失水率、PH值、肉色、剪切力差异不显著(P＞0.05).总体而言,配套2的肉用性能优于配套1,隐性白羽鸡新品系在优质鸡配套系中应用是可行的.     

Serum contents of E-selectin,sICAM-1, sVCAM-1 in patients with acute coronary syndrome

AIM:To explore the serum levels of certain adhesion molecules and its significance in acute coronary syndrome(ACS). METHODS:The subjects included 40 patients with acute myocardial infarction(AMI) and 40 patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP). Among the 80 patients, 60 patients accepted a follow-up 4 months. At the same time we selected 40 controls from people who attended a routine health check in the university. Serum levels of E-selectin, sICAM-1, sVCAM-1 were measured by ELISA.RESULTS:Serum levels of E-selectin, sICAM-1, sVCAM-1 were significantly higher in the ACS group(AMI or UAP) than in the control group. Four months later, the levels of E-selectin, sICAM-1 became significantly lower in the follow-up group than in the ACS group, while sVCAM-1 showed no significant difference. CONCLUSION:Serum levels of E-selectin, sICAM-1 may have certain diagnostic value for ACS, and can be a useful marker reflecting the stability of the disease.     

Characteristics for Practical Use of Attenuated Isolate UA-Fukushima of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Tomato mosaic virus</Emphasis>

L₁₁A-Fukushima (L₁₁A-F) derived from attenuated isolate LuA of Tomato mosaic virus (ToMV) has the highest ability to cross protect against virulent ToMV among LuA and its derivatives and is stably inherited. Growth, yield, fruit quality and symptom attenuation of inoculated tomato plants did not differ significantly between L₁₁A-F and L₁₁A. The infectivity of progeny viruses in tomato infected with LuA-F was less than 4% of that with virulent ToMV. From these results, L₁₁A-F appears to possess the properties necessary for practical use. To manage L₁₁A-F strictly, a PCR-based assay to detect trace contamination of virulent ToMV in L₁₁A-F preparations was established. Received 10 June 2002/ Accepted in revised form 30 October 2002     

Effects of Latent Infection of Stock Plants and Abundance of Thrips on the Occurrence of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Tomato spotted wilt virus </Emphasis>in Chrysanthemum Fields

DAS-ELISA proved to be reliable enough to detect a latent infection by Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) in asymptomatic stock plants of chrysanthemum. A high density of Frankliniella occidentalis, the predominant vector, in the presence of latently infected stock plants resulted in a high incidence of disease in the chrysanthemum production field. The incidence of disease was low when the vector thrips were not abundant in spite of the presence of latently infected stock plants. These results suggest that an infestation of the vector thrips causes severe secondary spread of TSWV originating from latently infected stock plants in chrysanthemum production fields. Received 27 July 2001/ Accepted in revised form 27 November 2001